1. General Studies Paper 1

• History: Ancient, Medieval, Modern India, Freedom Struggle.
• Culture: Indian art, architecture, literature, festivals.
• Geography: Physical geography, Indian geography, world geography, map work.
• Indian Polity: Constitution, governance, political system, public policy.
• Economic Development: Indian economy, poverty, inflation, government schemes.
• Environment: Biodiversity, climate change, conservation, and sustainable development.

2. General Studies Paper 2

• Constitution and Polity: Fundamental rights, duties, Union-State relations, judiciary.
• Governance: Government policies, institutions, ethics in public services.
• Social Justice: Welfare schemes, marginalized communities, poverty alleviation.
• International Relations: India’s foreign policy, bilateral relations, international organizations.

3. General Studies Paper 3

• Technology: Developments in IT, space, biotechnology, nanotechnology.
• Economic Issues: Economic policies, banking, finance, industrial development.
• Environment: Environmental pollution, conservation, climate change.
• Security: National and internal security, cyber threats, disaster management.

4. General Studies Paper 4

• Ethics and Integrity: Ethical dilemmas, governance, human values.
• Public Service Ethics: Transparency, accountability, professionalism, case studies.
• Aptitude: Emotional intelligence, problem-solving, decision-making.

5. Essay Paper

• Essay Writing: On current affairs or societal issues showcasing clarity, argumentation.

6. Optional Subject

• Choose one subject (e.g., Geography, History, Sociology, Public Administration) and focus on its in-depth study.

7. Current Affairs

• Daily Updates: Focus on polity, economy, social issues, and international affairs.

For effective preparation:

• Practice Mock Tests regularly for Prelims and Mains.
• Revise and write answers to improve writing speed and presentation.
• Stay updated with newspapers (e.g., The Hindu, Indian Express).